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Functional testing is crucial in PCB assembly because it: Ensures the assembled PCB meets the design requirements. Identifies manufacturing defects or component failures. Guarantees product reliability and quality before market release.

MDA testing is crucial for early detection of manufacturing defects, reducing scrap rates, improving yield, and ensuring product reliability before further investment in assembly.

Rapid prototyping means quickly creating physical models using CAD designs to test form, fit, and functionality during the product development phase.

The issue with solder wetting occurs when the solder fails to spread on the metal surface being soldered, leading to weak or unreliable joints. Poor wetting can result from oxidation, contamination, or inadequate flux.

In-Circuit Testing (ICT): Tests each component on a PCB for shorts, opens, values, and functionality. Flying Probe Testing: Uses movable probes to test components and connections on small batch PCBs without a custom fixture. Functional Testing: Simulates the operational environment and verifies the PCB performs as intended.

Combines automation's speed with human flexibility. Improves efficiency and quality control. Adapts easily to production changes and complex designs.

When sourcing components, consider component quality, supplier reliability, cost, availability, and lead times. Also, evaluate potential supply chain risks and the need for alternative components to prevent production delays.

Higher Unit Costs: Lower economies of scale can lead to higher per-unit costs. Resource Intensity: More hands-on management and oversight required for diverse, small-batch production. Supplier Challenges: Securing cost-effective materials and components in smaller quantities can be challenging.

A stencil file is a digital representation of a PCB stencil, containing the design of the apertures or holes that correspond to the pads on a PCB. It guides the manufacturing of the physical stencil.

The main types of FMEAs are Design FMEA (DFMEA), Process FMEA (PFMEA), and System FMEA (SFMEA), each analyzing risks at different stages of product development and manufacturing to enhance reliability and safety.