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In screen printing, a stencil is used to block parts of the screen in the negative image of the design. Ink is forced through the open areas of the screen onto the printing surface, transferring the design.

PCB soldering is the process of joining electronic components to a printed circuit board (PCB) using solder, a fusible metal alloy, to establish a strong electrical connection between the component leads and the board's conductive pathways.

Solder creates a secure and conductive connection between electronic components and the PCB, ensuring the circuit functions as intended by facilitating electrical continuity.

Clean the surfaces to be soldered. Apply flux to remove oxides and improve wetting. Heat the joint with a soldering iron. Apply solder directly to the joint, not the iron tip. Remove the iron and allow the joint to cool naturally.

Functional testing in the Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) industry involves verifying that a completed electronic assembly, such as a PCB, operates according to its design specifications. This test checks the functionality of the device under test (DUT) by simulating its operational environment.

EOL testing differs from other methods by being the conclusive assessment performed after all manufacturing processes are completed, focusing on verifying the final product's functionality and compliance with specifications, unlike specific component or assembly checks done earlier.

Ideally, EOL testing is performed on every product to ensure each unit meets quality standards. However, the extent and frequency can vary based on product complexity, production volume, and industry standards.

The Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) process involves exposing a product to environmental stresses to identify potential defects or failures. It's a method used in manufacturing to ensure reliability by forcing latent defects to manifest under controlled conditions before the product reaches the customer.

To package a PCB, first clean and inspect it, then place it in an anti-static bag. Wrap it with bubble wrap or foam for shock absorption, and secure it in a sturdy box with cushioning materials. Finally, seal the box and label it with handling instructions and ESD warnings.

Shipping methods for PCBs include standard postal services, express courier services (like FedEx, UPS, DHL), and freight services for larger shipments. The choice depends on the urgency, volume, and budget.